Showing posts with label Stomp and shake cheerleading. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Stomp and shake cheerleading. Show all posts

Is This Old Children's Cheer The Source Of VSU's "Who Cheers The Best" Stomp & Shake Cheer?

Is This Old Children's Cheer The Source Of VSU's "Who Cheers The Best" Stomp & Shake Cheer?
Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams posts points out the close similarities between a text (word) version of an old children's foot stomping cheer with two texts and video examples of Virginia State University (VSU)'s often imitated stomp & shake cheer "Who Cheers The Best". Given those similarities, dependent on their composition dates, it seems likely to me that a version of this children's cheer is the source for VSU's cheer.

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, cultural, and recreational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post and thanks to the Virginia State University Woo Woo cheerleaders who are featured in this post's embedded videos. Hat tip to Ebony Janice Peace. the publisher of a YouTube video about Black children's rhymes, and hat tip to Nikkole Salter, a commenter on that video's discussion thread in 2015 whose comment I've highlighted in this post.

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PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S NOTE:
Whenever the spirit moves me, I visit YouTube in search of examples of specific categories of children's rhymes and cheers, or examples of specific rhymes or cheers. Yesterday, I happened upon this video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfzHL_1PdbY "Let's Discuss: Black Girl Childhood Hand Games and Sing Songs" published by Ebony Janice Peace, Published on Aug 4, 2014. In that video Ebony Janice Peace discusses her memory of children's hand clap rhymes and marvels about how so many of the same rhymes are known and performed by Black girls throughout the United States. Ms. Peace also discusses how some of those rhymes from her childhood and some contemporary Black girls rhymes have inappropriate lyrics.

As a collector of African American children's rhymes and cheers I was interested in hearing Ms. Peace's opinions on this subject. And I was delighted to read several examples of rhymes and cheers that were posted by commenters in that video's discussion thread. As it turns out, I had forgotten that I had watched this video before and had previously added some examples from that video's discussion thread to my collection of what I refer to as "foot stomping cheers", including this comment that was posted by Nikkole Salter in 2014:
"This is an L.A. perspective:... This first one is not so much a hand game as much as it is a cipher: You know, I shake the best, hey, hey/ You know, from the east to the west! My name's (enter your name) and my favorite color's black (or whatever color you like) / I took your man and you won't get him back, hey hey / You know, I shake the best, hey, hey/ You know, from the east to the west! (and every person gets a chance, state your color and your bravado in rhyme)... Then there was this other call & response cipher (which I don't hear too many people mention outside my generation and region)... Tether ball, tether ball/Oosha, asha!/Tether ball, tether ball/Oosha, asha! My name's (enter your name) (tether ball), super cool, (tether ball) You mess with me (tether ball) You's a fool (tether ball) I got this man (tether ball) On my mind (tether ball) You mess with him (tether ball) Your butt is straight up mine. Oooh. Tether ball, tether ball/Oosha, Asha! etc. -- You make up your own rhyme of bravado...?

Unfortunately, Ms. Salter didn't include which decade these examples come from. However, her comment that few people "outside of her generation" know these examples suggests that they probably come from the 1990s, or earlier. I've collected three examples of "Tether Ball" -including Ms. Salter's example- and each of these examples are from Los Angeles, California.* A woman who shared an example of "Tether Ball" on my no longer active cocojams website indicated that she remembered it from the early 1990s. If Ms. Salter's version of "Tether Ball" (which is very similar to the other two that I've collected) is from the 1990s, then it's reasonable to assume that the other example in that comment "You know, I Share The Best" is also from the 1990s. As of this date, I haven't found any other "I Cheer The Best" children's cheers except those cheers that are patterned after Virginia State University's very popular stomp & shake cheer entitled "Who Cheers The Best".
-snip-
*Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2016/09/foot-stomping-cheers-alphabetical-list_22.html Foot Stomping Cheers Alphabetical List (P- Z)

Also, click Here's an excerpt from https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/05/an-overview-of-foot-stomping-cheers.html and https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/05/overview-of-stomp-shake-cheerleading.html

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CHILDREN'S FOOT STOMPING CHEER - "YOU KNOW, I CHEER THE BEST"
You know, I shake the best,
hey, hey/
You know, from the east to the west!
My name's (enter your name)
and my favorite color's black (or whatever color you like)/
I took your man and you won't get him back,
hey hey /
You know, I shake the best,
hey, hey/
You know, from the east to the west!


(and every person gets a chance, state your color and your bravado in rhyme)...
-Nikkole Salter (Los Angeles, California), comment in discussion thread for vlog https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KfzHL_1PdbY
Let's Discuss: Black Girl Childhood Hand Games and Sing Songs")
-snip-
I reformatted this example from sentence form to line form.

Nikkole Salter introduced this cheer by saying "This first one is not so much a hand game as much as it is a cipher". I also want to highlight her points that these were "call and response ciphers", that "every person gets a chance, state your color and your bravado in rhyme", and that "you said your name" and "make up your own rhyme of bravado". These descriptions fit the conclusions that I've made about the recreational sub-category of children's cheers that I refer to as "foot stomping cheers". Prior to some of these cheers being adapted by mainstream children's cheerleading squads, these cheers were usually informally performed by two or more African American girls between the ages of 5-12 years who were pretending to be cheerleaders. "Traditionally", these call & response cheers had one soloist for each iteration. At the "end" of the cheer, the group repeated the complete cheer with a new soloist and this pattern continued until every person in the group had an equal turn as the soloist. (Notice Nikkole Salter's comment that "every person gets a chance, state your color and your bravado in rhyme".

In contrast, the stomp & shake cheer "Who Cheers The Best" isn't a call & response cheer, but is chanted by the squad in unison.

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VIRGINIA STATE UNIVERSITY CHEER WHO CHEERS THE BEST

VSU Woo Woo's 2008 "Who Shakes The Best"



BlaWaiian2008, Published on Mar 17, 2013

VSU Cheerleaders (Virginia State University)
-snip-
Here's the words to that cheer:
Shake it to the east.
Shake it to the west.
It really doesn't matter who shakes the best.
Shake it to the east.
Shake it to the west.
It really doesn't matter who shakes the best.
Shake it to the east.
Shake? it to the west.
Cause everybody knows that we shake the best.
-Virginia State University Woo Woos, transcribed by Azizi Powell from the video.
-snip-
In a 2011 video of the Woo Woos performing "Who Shakes The Best" the words are slightly changed, but the routine is basically the same. Here's that text example and that video:

VSU Woo Woo (Who shakes Da Best)



TrueVSU1882 Published on Mar 31, 2011

WHO SHAKES DA BEST [version #2)
Shake it to the east.
Shake it to the west.
It really doesn't matter who shakes the best.

Shake it to the east.
Shake it to the west.
It really doesn't matter who shakes the best.

Ah hey!
'Cause we shake the best
Everybody knows that we shake the best
To the East.
To the West.
Shake it!
-from VSU Woo Woo (Who shakes Da Best video, Mar 31, 2011,
This is my transcription of that cheer from that video

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The earliest example of this stomp & shake cheer that I've found is a 2007 video of a Virginia high school cheerleading squad (Prince Edward High School's Sassys) performing "We Shake The Best" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jnwq5Pq40A SASSY (We Shake The Best). The words to that cheer are the same as the words to "Who Shakes The Best".

Several commenters writing in the discussion thread noted that that squad learned that cheer from the Virginia Woo Woos at cheer camp & because their cheerleader was a member of the Woo Woo squad.

Here's that video: Prince Edward High School, Virginia - "We Shake The Best"



Uploaded by woowooworkit on Feb 17, 2007
-snip-
Prince Edward High School, Virginia (Sassy cheerleaders, 2007 (This is a Virginia State University cheer that this squad learned by attending the cheer camp conducted by the VSU Woo Woo cheerleaders).

Notice that the name of the publisher of that video refers to the "Woo Woos".

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PANCOCOJAMS CONCLUDING NOTE:
In addition to the similar titles, the old children's cheer (that Nikkole Salter referred to as a "cipher") and VSU's stomp and shake cheer have
1. very similar titles
2. references to "the east and the west"

I don't know when the cheer "You Know, I Shake The Best" was first chanted, or when Virginia State University (VSU) first performed their stomp & shake cheer "Who Shakes The Best". My position is that it's likely that someone from VSU's Woo Woo squad creatively adapted this children's cheer. I'm not sure that VSU's Woo Woos are happy aabout this, but currently it seems that their "Who Cheers The Best" cheer has become one of the most imitated stomp & shake cheers today by high school, middle schools, and community stomp & shake cheerleader squads as well as by mainstream children's cheerleader squads that incorporate modified stomp & shake cheers and movements into their repertoires.

If you know this children's cheer, for the folkloric record, please share the example that you know, along with when you learned it (the decade) and the city/state where you learned it in the comment section below. Thanks!

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"The Crazy Song" - A Mid 1950 Cheerleader Song That May Be A Precursor To African American Originated Stepping Chants, Foot Stomping Cheers, And Stomp & Shake Cheers

"The Crazy Song" -  A Mid 1950 Cheerleader Song That May Be A Precursor To African American Originated Stepping Chants, Foot Stomping Cheers, And Stomp & Shake Cheers
Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post showcases two 2015 videos of Crispus Attacks High School (Indianapolis, Indiana) cheerleaders from 1955-1956 singing a rendition of that school's cheerleader song entitled "The Crazy Song". I believe the song's performance by cheerleaders and its lyrics are precursors to African American originated fraternity sorority stepping chants, foot stomping cheers, and stomp & shake cheers.

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, historical, and cultural purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to the composer of this song and thanks to the women who are featured in this video. Thanks also to the publisher of this video on YouTube.

Hat tip to Dan Robinson, the publisher of this 2016 Crispus Attucks cheerleading video : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SpqF9kj7-4 for alerting me to "The Crazy Song" video.

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SHOWCASE VIDEOS
Example #1: Crispus Attucks Crazy Song



19nine, Published on Feb 25, 2015

Butler University honored the 1955 and 1956 Crispus Attucks basketball teams at Hinkle Fieldhouse on February 25, 2015. Their cheerleaders celebrated by singing the Crazy Song once again.
-snip-
Another slightly shorter YouTube video of this same rendition of "The Crazy Song" can be found on YouTube.

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Example #2: Attucks Crazy Song



Anthony Beverly, Published on Jan 31, 2015
-snip-
This January 2015 video of Attucks High School (Indianapolis, Indiana) cheerleaders singing "The Crazy Song" shows some younger cheerleaders dressed in uniforms are shown singing this song at a program (and not an actual athletic game) in an auditorium/gym. The cheerleaders sing while standing in place, shaking their hips a little bit, moving from one foot to another, and waving their arms to the song's beat.

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SONG LYRICS: THE CRAZY SONG
One woman- Stop
All others- Stop
One woman- Look
All others- Look
All � and take it slow
They can beat everybody
But they can�t beat us.

Hi-de hi-de hi-de-hi
Hi-di hi-di hi-de ho-o
Boh skip bop beat-um
That�s the crazy song.

We�re gonna pull them boys
Right over the line
But they never did mind
They were so far behind
Hi-de hi-de hi-de-hi
Hi-di hi-di hi-de ho-o
Boh skip bop beat-um
That�s the crazy song.
That�s the crazy song!
-snip-
Transcription by Azizi Powell. (Please correct any mistakes that I made in this transcription. Thanks!)

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PANCOCOJAMS EDITOR'S COMMENTS
As indicated above, I learned about Crispus Attucks High School cheerleader's "The Crazy Song" from Dana Robinson, the publisher of a 2016 stomp & shake video of Attucks High School cheerleaders. Dana Robinson's comment that mentions the 1950s Attucks High School cheerleader song entitled "The Crazy Song" was written in response to a previous comment exchange that we had about the current Attucks High School cheerleaders performing in a stomp & shake cheerleading style. Here's one of my comments from that stomp & shake video's discussion thread:

Azizi Powell, July 6, 2016
"Dana, the Facebook comments* about the Attucks cheerleaders were very interesting. I'm assuming from those comments that this stomp & shake style of cheerleading isn't common in Indianapolis.

Some commenters mentioned that this style is common in the South (I'm assuming that those commenters meant among a number of African American cheerleading squads in parts of the south. -Note One person on that Facebook thread from Miami wrote that this is the way cheerleaders cheer in that city. But I've read comments from people in Texas who were unfamiliar with this cheerleading style.) ....

* https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10155193197523914&id=347221378913?

**
Here's Dana Robinson's reply to that comment:
Dana Robinson, July 6, 2017
"Azizi Powell This style of cheerleading isn't very common in the USA. The Attucks cheerleaders from even the 1950's did some cheers like this. Look up "The Crazy Song" on YouTube. I think there is an interview of some of those cheerleaders singing it. The song was written by one of the students from Attucks back then.
As you mentioned, only the southeastern states mention cheering in this manner. It may stem from sorority /fraternity stepping but, it being that there is a history dating back to the 1950's of some form of this, I don't know. However, looking at some of the African styles of dance, I think it may have come out of those."
-snip-?
I thanked Dana Robinson for sharing information about Attucks High School's "The Crazy Song" cheerleading song. I also wrote "With all due respect, I disagree that cheerleaders in the 1950s did cheers like what we now refer to as "stomp & shake cheerleading" unless you are referring to the self-bragging and opponent insulting elements of "The Crazy Song" and not to its performance style."

I mentioned to Dana Robinson that I had taken the liberty of transcribing "The Crazy Song" and I referred her to this pancocojams post for my additional thoughts about this song.

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THE POSSIBLE INFLUENCES OF GREEK LETTER ORGANIZATIONS' SINGING TRADITIONS ON THE COMPOSITION AND PERFORMANCE OF ATTUCKS HIGH SCHOOL'S 'THE CRAZY SONG"

The type of song:
Crispus Attucks High School's mid 1950s cheerleading song entitled "The Crazy Song" and the way that it is sung remind me more than anything of the singing traditions of historically White (University based) Greek letter fraternities and sororities*. Those singing traditions also influenced the past and present day singing customs of historically Black (university based) Greek letter fraternities and sororities.

Note: One widely known example of a PWI* (predominately White Institutions) fraternity song is "The Sweetheart Of Sigma Chi". Like BGLOs (Black Greek Letter Organizations), PWI have self-bragging and competitor organizations' insult chants. However, I'm not that familiar with the history of PWI songs/chants and therefore I don't know whether their songs also included/include competitor organization insults, and if so how long that content has been included in PWI songs.

*"PWI" (predominately White institutions) is an acronym that I've often seen online for historically White Greek letter fraternities and sororities, particularly in online discussions among members of historically BGLOs (Black Greek letter organizations)

The singing style
From the two different videos* that I watched of Attucks High School cheerleaders singing "The Crazy Song" it appears that the cheerleaders sung/sing that song while standing in place, clapping their own hands in accompaniment, and moving side to side or from one foot to another to the song's rhythm/beat. This singing style- and particularly the swaying back and forth while accompanying the singing with individual hand claps-is the same way that I recall seeing PWI fraternities and sororities sing their songs in the "quad" during their "Sing Outs" at the predominately White college that I attended in the mid 1960s. That said, one difference between the PWI fraternity and sorority "sings" that I recall and the second "The Crazy Song" video in which the cheerleaders sing at an actual game is that the cheerleaders appear to sometimes move their hips to the beat of that song, and moving one's hips wasn't something that PWI sororities (let alone fraternities) did. Also, moving one's hips was -and largely still is- considered anathema to many proponents of mainstream cheerleading.

It should also be noted that historically Black [university based] fraternity and sorority chanting and stepping evolved from those groups' singing while standing in place and also (perhaps later in the evolution of this performance art) while marching around the university campus.

*My guess is that the January 2015 video of the Attucks High School cheerleaders singing "The Crazy Song" during a program may have been done as a tribute to that school's 1950s cheerleaders and not a usual part of the contemporary cheer repertoire of that high school. The cheerleaders who were shown appeared to be standing relatively in place and (it seems mostly unsuccessfully) directing or encouraging people in attendance at the game to sing and/or clap along with them.

While an Attucks cheerleader in that second video at auditorium/gym program is shown moving from one foot to another to the beat of that "Crazy Song", that movement isn't the synchronized, metronome-like percussive, bass sounding stomps that characterized foot stomping cheers, not to mention that this movement activity isn't done in a group as is the case with foot stomping cheers.

**
With regard to the subject of stomp & shake cheerleading, I agree with Dana Robinson that stomp & shake cheerleading movement performances were/are greatly influenced by BGLO stepping, and other African American/African/Caribbean dramatic elements such as pattin juba (rhythmically alternating hand clapping with knee or chest patting), and leaning forward in an aggressive stance toward your opponents. But I think the words of many stomp & shake cheers were/are more directly influenced by girls' self-bragging and opponent insulting foot stomping cheers. Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/05/an-overview-of-foot-stomping-cheers.html for a pancocojams post on foot stomping cheers.

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THOUGHTS ABOUT "THE CRAZY SONG"'S LYRICS
The Attucks High School (Indianapolis, Indiana) mid 1950s cheerleader song entitled "The Crazy Song" and most stomp & shake cheerleader cheers have different focuses. The cheerleaders singing "The Crazy Song" mildly* brag about their basketball sports team by mildly* putting down (insulting, dissing) the opponent's team. Also, unlike stomp & shake cheerleader cheers (and foot stomping cheers, and historically Black Greek letter organization stepping chants), even the title of "The Crazy Song" mildly self-deprecates the cheerleaders who are singing it (and/or their athletic team players).

In contrast, in many stomp & shake cheerleading cheers, the focus isn't on the athletic game being played or on the cheerleader's athletic team or their opponent's athletic team. Instead, in many stomp & shake cheers the focus is on the cheerleading squad and/or their opponent's cheerleading squad.

Furthermore, although the cheerleaders sing this song, they use the "voice" of the basketball (or football?) players: i.e. "We�re gonna pull them boys/Right over the line".

*These brags and insults are "mild" given in comparison with later self-bragging and insulting songs, chants, and cheers. Yet the very fact that this song includes self-brags and opponent insults distinguishes it from many mainstream cheerleader cheers of the 1950s, and aligns it closer to the African American originated chants and cheers that I've mentioned.

To clarify, I believe that stomp & shake cheerleading appears to have begun (in Virginia and North Carolina) in the early to mid 1970s or the early 1980s as the latest beginning date.

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Note also that the "hi di hi" chorus in this song is a form of scatting. The "hi di hi" vocalizations were popularized by Cab Calloway's 1934/1935 "Hi di Hi" song. Click https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-kJqM7he9o for a vintage film clip of that now classic Cab Calloway "hi Di Hi" song.

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THOUGHTS ABOUT 'THE CRAZY SONGS" STRUCTURE & TEMPO
I believe the video starts with one woman saying the word "Stop" and then everyone else saying the word "stop" and the same woman saying the word "look" and everyone else saying "look". If that's correct, then that brief call & response pattern may be significant in that a lot of contemporary cheers (including a lot of stomp & shake cheers) begin with a captain or lead caller starting the cheer and then the entire squad chanting and performing the cheers.

The song has a moderate tempo which isn't very percussive (using today's criteria). The women clap own hands to the beat and maintain that same beat throughout the entire song. This is similar to the metronome-like way that girls doing foot stomping cheers alternate (individual) hand claps with their own foot stomps. However, in this mid 1950s cheerleading song, the woman stay standing in place and sway back and forth while singing this song and there don�t appear to be any foot stomps.

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Any additional information and comments about this cheerleader song or cheerleader songs like it would be greatly appreciated.

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"Rock Steady" Children's Cheers (Examples & Comments) Updated With Additional Examples

"Rock Steady" Children's Cheers (Examples & Comments) Updated With Additional Examples
Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancoocjams post was originally published on May 20, 2013. An additional example was added on June 6, 2013 and three additional examples were added on July 6, 2017.

This post is Part II of a two part series on the American R&B songs & children's cheerleader cheers that have the title "Rock Steady".

Part II of this series features videos & transcriptions of a number of examples of the children's cheerleader cheer with the name "Rock Steady". Part II also includes my comments about the probable military cadence "source" for these "Rock Steady" cheers, and my comments about the meaning of the term "rock steady".

Part I features videos of Aretha Franklin's 1971 dance song "Rock Steady" and The Whispers' 1987 dance song "Rock Steady". Part I also includes my comments about the inspiration for the title of those two songs, the meaning of the term "rock steady" in those two songs, and information about a dance movement that was usually performed for those two songs.

Click http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/05/examples-of-comments-about-aretha.html for Part I of this series.

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, cultural, and recreational purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to those cheerleaders who are featured in this post. Thanks also to the YouTube publishers of these videos.

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THE MILITARY CADENCE SOURCE FOR "ROCK STEADY" CHEERS
I believe that the cheerleader cheer "Rock Steady" comes from the military cadence with the same title. Here's one version of that cheer from
DS2000, http://community.armystudyguide.com/groupee/forums/a/tpc/f/9651093521/m/2181065521, posted 22 January 2005 22:06
Rock, (reply) ROCK!
steady, (reply) STEADY!
Roll, (reply) ROLL!
Ready (reply) READY! - sometimes I use EASY here instead of READY. Or sometimes after they say ROLL, I will scream, "I can't here you!" then go back to the "Rock" at the beginning.

You've got the right, the right to rock steady, ( reply is the same )

You've got the right to ROLL when you're ready, ( reply is the same )


(then you say the top part again twice)


Rock, Rock, Steady, Steady Charlie Rock is always ready! ( reply is same)
Rock, Rock Steady, Steady 1st Platoon is always ready! ( reply is same)

That's about all I can recall right now. If I think of anymore I'll add it. Feel free to insert your own words as well. I do it all the time! LOL

Hope this helps!

Location: Baumholder, Germany....
-snip-
Compare the line "Charlie Rock is always ready" with theses lines from some versions of the children's cheer"s "cause our team is always ready" and "cause your team ain't even ready".

Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/05/rock-steady-military-cadences-with.html for examples of Rock Steady military cadences.

The 1987 "Rock Steady" song by The Whispers and the 1971 "Rock Steady" song by Aretha Franklin may have influenced the popularity of the "Rock Steady" cheer. However, I don't think that those R&B songs were the actual source for the children's cheer.

I also don't believe that the Jamaican Rocksteady music genre wasn't a source for these cheers because Americans are still unfamiliar with Rocksteady music.

*By "children's cheerleader cheers", I mean cheerleader cheers & chants that are performed by children and teens in community cheerleader squads and/or in school cheerleader squads prior to colleges or universities.

Click this pancocojams post for information about Rocksteady music: http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/05/classic-jamaican-rocksteady-songs-sound.html.

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THE MEANING OF THE TERM "ROCK STEADY" IN CHEERLEADING CHEERS
In children's cheerleader cheers, "rock steady" means "to consistently do something very well: i.e. "to consistently excel on the athletic field." In these cheers "rock steady" is either given as a compliment "The [name of the athletic team] rocks steady", of as a diss (insult) "Your team don't rock steady"/ Your team "ain't even ready" (isn't prepared to best our team). In its complimentary form, "rock steady" is related to the American colloquial expression "You rock!" (meaning "You're great.".)

At the same time, "rock steady: in those cheers refers to steadily rhythmically moving your hips from side to side to the beat.

Aside from societal imposed gender expectations (that males would swing their hips much less than females), whether any hip swinging is done while performing the "rock steady" cheer or how much hip swinging is done while performing that cheer depends on the type of cheerleading squad. If the cheerleading squad adheres to mainstream cheerleading, that squad is much less likely to perform this cheer or others like it which are either of African American origin or have been influenced by African American songs. Furthermore, even if that squad were to perform a "Rock Steady" cheer, because of the admonition in mainstream cheerleading against cheerleaders swinging their hips, very little to no hip swinging would be done.

In contrast, in a stomp & shake cheerleading squad, hip swinging is an integral feature of cheerleading routines, and hip swinging would be performed while chanting the Rock Steady cheer and other cheers like it.

It appears from YouTube videos that a significant number of American children's cheerleading squads have adopted some degree of hip shaking into their cheer routines. That is particularly the case with chants such as "Rock Steady" which are inspired by if not originated from African American culture.

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FEATURED VIDEOS & TEXT TRANSCRIPTIONS
(These examples are presented in chronological order based on the date of their YouTube posting, with the oldest dated example posted first. The transcriptions are done by me from the videos. Additions & corrections are very welcome.)

Example #1: "Rock Steady" cheer



Sydney Calloway, Uploaded on Jan 16, 2010

Jv cheerleaders preforming rock steady at an away game during a quater at the boys basketball game.

CHEER LYRICS (Example #1)
Rock, rock steady
Cause your team
Ain't even ready
To rock rock rock rock
Steady eddy eddy eddy rock
Rock steady

[repeat several times]
-posted by Sydney Calloway, Uploaded on Jan 16, 2010
-snip-
The words "Steady eddy eddy" are included in many but not all of the "Rock Steady" cheerleading cheers. That phrase isn't found in either Aretha Franklin 1971 "Rock Steady" song or The Whispers' 1987 "Rock Steady" song. My guess is that the phrase "steady eddy eddy eddy" is based on the military cadence line "ready, ready, ready" line in some "Rock Steady" military cadences.

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Example #2: Rock Steady
Pancocojams Editor's note:
This video that was uploaded by markus gray on Jun 8, 2010 is no longer available, as of at least July 6, 2017. Here are the words to that version of this cheer which were posted by markus gray: owever, I'm

"Rock Steady"....you know!!!!

CHEER LYRICS (Example #2)
Squad: Rock (clap clap clap) steady (clap clap clap)
YES we rock, we rock, we rock steady
One person: So what's up girl?
Squad: Rock, (clap clap clap) steady (clap clap clap)
YES we rock, we rock, we rock steady
I said we like to rock.
We like to rock steady.
I said we like to rock.
We like to rock steady.
Hit it. Steddy eddy eddy eddy
Rock.
-posted by markus gray, Uploaded on Jun 8, 2010

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Example #3: PHS CHEERLEADERS Rock Steady



PHSExtraordinary, Uploaded on Nov 14, 2010

ROCK....STEADY......CAUSE YOUR TEAM......AINT EVEN READY!!!!! Lets go Rockets!!!!!! Varsity Cheerleaders

CHEER LYRICS (Example #3)
Rock, rock steady
Cause your team
Ain't even ready
To rock rock rock rock
Rock rock steady
Your team ain�t even ready
To rock rock rock rock
Rock rock steady
Cause our team is always ready
To rock rock rock rock.
-posted by PHSExtraordinary, Uploaded on Nov 14, 2010

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Example #4: Rocksteady cheer



Babydoll5432, Published on Jul 7, 2012
Na na looks crazy

CHEER LYRICS (Example #4)
Rock rock steady
The angels are ready
To rock rock rock rock
Steady eddy eddy eddy
Rock
[repeat multiple times]
-posted by Babydoll5432, Published on Jul 7, 2012

****
Example #5: Dailey Tigers "Rock Steady"

.

daileytigers, Published on Nov 17, 2012

CHEER LYRICS (Example #5)
Lead girl- Hey Tigers are you ready
Entire squad: Well get down and rock steady
Well Tigers are ready.
Well get down and rock steady.
Well Tigers are ready.
Well get down and rock steady.
[Do a body patting and foot stomping routine with a sideways body wave movement]

[Same Lead girl] �Rock steady! Ready. Okay.
[Entire squad]
We,
we
are
ready
To
rock rock rock rock
Steady eddy eddy

Rock, rock steady
Your team ain't even ready
To rock rock rock rock
Steady eddy eddy eddy
Rock steady
Your team ain't even ready
To rock rock rock rock
Steady eddy eddy eddy
Rock.
-posted by dailytigers, Published on Nov 17, 2012
-snip-
This transcription doesn't include a description of the squad's entire routine.

This cheerleading squad includes a great deal of foot stomping & body patting in its cheerleading routines.

****
Example #6: BEN L. SMITH AND EASTERN GUILFORD CHEER OFF [Added June 6, 2013]



ORIGINALCHEERPHI, Uploaded on Feb 21, 2008

THE EAGLES LETTIN' THE WILDCASTS KNOW THEY AINT READY TO ROCK WITH THEM AT THE ULTIMATE CHEER & DANCE EXPERIENCE TRIAD HIGH SCHOOL CHEERLEADING COMPETITION 2007
-snip-
�Wildcasts� is probably a typo for �Wildcats�.
-snip-
Second cheer �rock steady� [.042-1:16]

CHEER LYRICS (Example #6)
Say what, what, what, what*
Your team ain't even ready.
We rock
Steady.
'Cause your team
Ain't even ready
To rock, rock, rock, rock
To rock
steady
'Cause your team
Ain't even ready
To rock, rock, rock, rock.
Your team ain't even ready
To ROCK.
-snip-
*I'm unsure of this transcription. The squad might be saying "We rock, rock, rock, rock."
O(

****
ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES ADDED; July 6, 2017
Pancocojams Editor's Note: There are LOTS of examples of children (pre-teens and teens) performing "Rock Steady" cheers. Here are three other examples of these cheers. I've assigned numbers according to the order that I happened upon those examples on YouTube.

Example #7: ROCK STEADY CHEER by Newark Varsity Squad



Audrey Schaener, Published on Jan 24, 2017
-snip-
This high school cheerleading squad is performing "Rock Steady" in a stomp & shake style.

CHEER LYRICS (Example #7)
Rock
Steady
'Cause your team ain't even ready to
Rock, Rock, Rock, Rock Steady.
-Newark Varsity Squad cheer, transcribed from the video by Azizi Powell

I'm not sure where this high school is located.

****
Example #8: Rock Steady Cheer


MCE Cheer Published on Apr 12, 2013

Candid practice videos from the beginning of the year.

McEvans Cheer
-snip-
This cheer beat reminds me of a slow down version of foot stomping cheers.

There is a McEvans High School in Shaw, Mississippi. I don't know if that is where the students featured in this video are from.

CHEER LYRICS (Example #8)
Rock
Whoo!
Rock Steady
Alright Alright
Rock Rock Rock
Whoo!
Rock steady

[add more foot stomping]

Rock
Rock steady
Rock Rock Rock
Rock steady
-McEvans High School cheerleaders, transcription by Azizi Powell from the video (additions and corrections are welcome)

****
Example #9: NHS Rock Steady Cheer 10 4 13



Nottingham High School Video, Published on Oct 8, 2013
-snip-
I'm not sure where this school is located. Google search lists a Nottingham High School in Syracuse, New York and a Nottingham, High School in Hamilton Township, New Jersey.

CHEER LYRICS (Example #9)
Rock
Rock steady
Oh yeah!

[repeat this entire portion multiple times]

Rock, rock, rock, rock
Steady steady, steady, steady
'cause he's not even ready
Rock
[repeat entire cheer]
-Nottingham High School cheerleaders, transcription by Azizi Powell from the video (additions and corrections are welcome)

****
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The Negative Use Of The Adjective "Ghetto" In A Discussion Thread Of A YouTube Video Of A High School Stomp & Shake Cheer Battle

The Negative Use Of The Adjective "Ghetto" In A Discussion Thread Of A YouTube Video Of A High School Stomp & Shake Cheer Battle
Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post provides an excerpt from a discussion thread of a YouTube video about a cheer battle between two North Carolina high schools stomp & shake cheerleading squads. This excerpt documents the negative adjectival use of the word "ghetto" as a descriptor of high school stomp & shake cheerleading and/or the cheerleaders themselves.

A video of the cheer battle that prompted this discussion is also included in this post. A commenter identified the e cheerleading squads in this video as 71st High School (Fayetteville, North Carolina) and West Mecklenburg High School -also known as "West Meck?"- (Charlotte, North Carolina). I don't know which squad wore which color uniforms.

The content of this post is presented for socio-cultural and linguistic purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to the two cheerleading squads that are featured in this video and thanks to all those who are quoted in this post. Thanks also to the publisher of this YouTube video.

****
This post is part of pancocojams' ongoing series on Stomp & Shake cheerleaders and documents perceptions of that performance activity among YouTube commenters* in 2016 (the years that these comments were published).

Click https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2017/06/examples-of-negative-adjective-use-of.html for a companion pancocojams post that provides selected examples of the almost always negative adjectival use of the word "ghetto" to describe Winston-Salem State University's (WSSU)'s cheerleading squads.

Also, click the stomp and shake cheerleading tag to find additional pancocojams posts about this type of cheerleading.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

****
GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT STOMP & SHAKE CHEERLEADING
Stomp & shake cheerleading is particularly known among African Americans from middle school through university levels in Virginia and North Carolina. University squads perform these cheers on the sidelines of football or basketball games and during half-time of those games. High school and younger squads perform either standing on the sidelines during football games, or while seated or standing in the bleachers during basketball games. Stomp & shake cheers are performed by two squads who face off prior to the competitive games in a "cheer battle". In addition, stomp & shake cheer are performed during cheer competitions and at non-competitive performance events that aren't associated with any athletic games.

Stomp & Shake cheerleading has vehement supporters who love the creativity, innovation, skill, showmanship, "hardness" and "for realness" (according to Black cultural criteria) of this type of cheerleading. However, stomp & shake cheerleading also has vehement detractors who don't consider it to be "real cheerleading", but a form of fraternity/sorority stepping and/or cheer dancing. Stomp & cheer detractors also routinely negatively label stomp & shake cheerleading and its (almost exclusively) Black female squad members as being "ghetto" - i.e. behaving and/or dressing in ways that are highly inappropriate according to middle class standards, particularly behaving and dressing in sexually provocative ("slutty) ways. "Being ghetto" also may mean to act (or to actually be) "loud" and overly aggressive during the cheer performance and elsewhere.

****
SHOWCASE VIDEO: Cheer BATTLE



Latoya Siler Published on Apr 5, 2016

****
DISCUSSION THREAD EXCERPTS THAT INCLUDE THE WORD "GHETTO" TO DESCRIBE HIGH SCHOOL STOMP & SHAKE CHEERLEADERS
Pancocojams Editor's Note:
This post quotes a sub-set of the discussion thread in its entirety (as of July 5, 1017 at 10:00 PM).

Some commenters have self-photographs that accompany their comments. All of those commenters are Black. My guess is that most of the other commenters who are quoted in these two sub-sets of this video's discussion thread are African Americans. However, only one of the commenters indicated that she is African American.

I've also assigned numbers to these comments for referencing purposes only.

1. Ehlanya Skinner, October 2016
"This isn't cheerleading what kind of cheers are these ,where is the stunting or tumbling maybe it's a ghetto thing"

**?
Reply
2. Kristina Sales, November 2016
"what u mean by ghetto dont just assume its ghetto bc its black cheerleaders hun???"

**
Reply
3. Airyn Able, November 2016
"+Kristina Sales it's not ghetto b.c its black cheerleaders... It's ghetto b.c of what they're doing. This isn't cheerleading, this is stomping and shaking...?"

**
Reply
4. Kristina Sales, November 2016
"True but i never said it was ghetto the girl that said it was ghetto i was responding to her but there only where stomping and shaking your right about that lol"

**?
Reply
5. Airyn Able, November 2016
"Lol true true"

**
Reply
6. Avery Pierce, November 2016
"There are different types of cheerleading if you didn't know. This is stomp and shake cheerleading and it's not ghetto. Just because you're not familiar with it doesn't mean it's ghetto. And they were at a cheer competition which included stunting and tumbling categories. Some squads are diverse and can do all three, stunt tumble and stomp & shake.?"

**
Reply
7. Airyn Able, November 2016
"+Avery Pierce Actually... I AM familiar with it. I have friends who do it and i literally tell them the same thing. it's ratchet asf... and f.y.i ANYONE can stomp and shake. Everyone CAN'T stunt and tumble???"

**
Reply
8. Niya Simmer, November 2016
"I bet ur ass voting for Trump"

**?
Reply
9. Airyn Able, November 2016
"+Niya Simmer lmao. Actually I'm not. And FYI... I'm an African American.?"

**
Reply
10. Jonna Roberson, November 2016
"haaa"

**?
Reply
11. Destiny Harris, December 2016
"Ehlanya Skinner thats so rude???"

**
Reply
12. Samflower, December 2016
"It is totally ratchet! I don't get why they call themselves cheerleaders...AT ALL! There is no uniform (ratchet reason #1), all I see are girls flinging weave around (ratchet reason #2) and stomping and clapping! Where is the cheer part? I'm not saying they have to do all-star cheerleading type of stunting and tumbling like Smoed or Cheer Extreme but seriously? What is so special about this? What they are shouting doesn't even sound audible, just grunts and slapping (ratchet reason #3)! They need to create their own genre for this mess and NOT calling it cheerleading!?"

**
Reply
13. Airyn Able, December 2017
"+Samflower exactly!!"

**?
Reply
14. Xavea Crump, December 2017
"It is not easy at all to do stomp and shake ???"

**
Reply
15. Airyn Able, December 2017
"Xavea Crump I'm sure it's a lot easier than learning how to stunt and tumble... JS?"

**
Reply
16. Xavea Crump, December 2016
"You honestly cant say that one part is harder than the other. It depends on the person for some cheerleaders who are used to traditional cheer it's harder to have the rythm to stomp and shake and vis versa with stunting and tumbling. I consider stunting a skill it takes time to develop and the same goes for stomp and shake. One cheer like the ones they are performing can take weeks to perfect. If you haven't done it then please don't judge how easy or hard it might be.?"

**
Reply
17. Airyn Able, December 2017
"Xavea Crump that's exactly why I am commenting... I'm someone speaking from experience of both styles. People can learn choreography in a day, even if it isn't perfect. However, No one can learn a standing full, or a running double, or double up in a day...?"

**
Reply
18. Dwayneca Baldwin, December 2017
"Ehlanya Skinner it's stomp and shake style cheers made popular by hbcu don't let the stomps fool ya we can tumble me stunt as well as any all star squad it's just that our cheers are way more exciting with more movement and gets the crowd hype verses more traditional styles?"
-snip-
"hbcu" = Historically Black Colleges & Universities

**
Reply
19. Kendall Bedford, February 2017
"High stepping is what i believe they call it. Correct me if im wrong?"

**
Reply
10. Hannah Kemp, March 2017
"It's not ghetto is called stomp and shake cheering stupid.?"

**
Reply
11. Hannah Kemp, March 2017
"And it's a fu&&in* cheer battle retard theyre supposed to be in each other face?"
-snip-
*This word was fully spelled out in this comment.

**
Reply
12. 3dasia patterson, April 2017
"first there was a tumbling portion this is just a battle portion. And and don't dare talk about my squad check yourself if you want to see our stunts and tumbles check out stunt and tamble portion. understand that this is not a white school poor funding not everyone can afford mats like white school. So so they have this portion so that all schools are able to participate. there are different division if you know all-star like me understand there is multiple levels. in all-star competition level 1there is no tumbling and no stunts so shut it down. best believe we know how to stunt. don't speak on something that you know little about. good day. o and no one called it cheerleading we said stomp n shake. And what are we doing stomping and shaking dumb asses.?"

**
Reply
13. 4dasia patterson, April 2017
"I and we actually have multiple uniforms this is just our battle uniform. follow us Instagram West meck cheerleaders. k bye?"

**
Reply
14. Hannah Kemp, May 2017
"its stomp and shake cheer because i do that type of cheer thank you?"

**
Reply
15. B�ll�Nome7xChanson, May 2017
"Samflower its not what you call ratchet just cuz you so used to 1) uniform 2) just cuz they black dont Mean all them got WEAVE tf do be a insular jackass 3) it is a different style of cheering hun , you aint used to all this , dont call it ratchet.

Do your research on cheering everybody do cheering completely different. It aint Easy being strong and fierce and all together. dont be closed minded. there are diff. types of cheerleading just like there are diff. types of dances"

**
16. Flower Child, June 2017
"Samflower Actually some of them do have cheer uniforms. Check out Dudley High School, POB (Phillip O Bryant) cheerleaders, or NC A&T Aggie cheerleaders. Its called using your diaphragm while cheering. I've been a cheerleader for 4 years. Although we don't cheer nor sound like them, our coach tell us to use our "manly" or "deep" voices it helps make a louder sound. When other cheerleaders cheer, they sound like squeaky rats, and it's hard to tell what they're saying.?"

**
Reply
17. Flower Child, June 1017
"Samflower and by the way honey, I can tell you're a preppy little white cheerleader who doesn't know anything about rhythm but listen, everyone does things differently. I bet your team can't even hold a beat. Some of those things you've said shouldn't have been announced. It's very rude and disrespectful.?"

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Are Black Fraternity & Sorority Calls And Stomp & Shake Cheerleading Yelps Remnants Of Plantation Field Hollers And/Or African Ululation?

Are Black Fraternity & Sorority Calls And Stomp & Shake Cheerleading Yelps Remnants Of Plantation Field Hollers And/Or African Ululation?
Edited by Azizi Powell

This pancocojams post points out the very close similarities between certain historically Black sorority calls and certain stomp & shake cheerleading yelps.

This post also asks interested persons to consider whether historically Black fraternity & sorority calls, and stomp & shake cheerleading yelps might be remnants of 29th century and earlier African American field hollers (arhoolie) and/or remnants of or examples of the African (and elsewhere) vocalization custom of ululation.

The content of this post is presented for folkloric, historical, and cultural purposes.

All copyrights remain with their owners.

Thanks to all those who are quoted in this post. Thanks also to all those who are featured in the YouTube videos that are embedded in this post and thanks to the publishers of those videos.

*****
INFORMATION ABOUT THE TYPES OF VOCALIZATIONS THAT ARE REFERRED TO IN THIS POST

FIELD HOLLERS (ARHOOLIES)
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_holler
"The field holler or field call is a mostly historical type of vocal music sung by southern labourers to accompany their work, to communicate usefully or to vent feelings.[1] It differs from the collective work song in that it was sung solo, though early observers noted that a holler, or �cry�, might be echoed by other workers. Though commonly associated with cotton cultivation, the field holler was also sung by levee workers, and field hands in rice and sugar plantations. Field hollers are also known as corn-field hollers, water calls, and whoops. An early description is from 1853 and the first recordings are from the 1930s. The holler is closely related to the call and response of work songs, and arhoolies, to Afro-American and ultimately influenced strands of African American music, such as the blues, rhythm and blues, and spirituals.[2]

It had prevalence among whites in the southern United States too."...

****
From http://mudcat.org/thread.cfm?threadid=99525
Subject: Etymology: ARHOOLIE
From: Vixen
Date: 02 Mar 07

"I did a search of the Forum, and all the references to "arhoolie" refer to the record label or the non-profit organization. I'm looking for an etymology and a definition.

What follows is the only definition I found, by googling "arhoolies", at
The Bluehighway Website

Field Hollers And Arhoolies

I'll tell you where the blues began. Back there working on them cotton farms, working hard and the man won't pay 'em, so the started singin', "Ohhh, I'm leavin' he one of these days and it won't be long." See, what's happenin' is givin' them the blues. "You gonna look for me one of these mornings and I'll be gone, ohhh yeah!" -- Sonny Terry (3, p. 18)

Field hollers and arhoolies began in the fields as musical exclamations that expressed the mood of the singer, and they eventually grew into longer phrases and verse. Few recordings of these exist, so we have to accept the testimony of the old bluesmen, such as Sonny Terry and Son House, as to their nature:

All I can say is that when I was boy we was always singing in the fields. Not real singing, you know, just hollering. But we made up our songs about things that were happening to us at the time, and I think that's where the blues started. -- Son House (3, p. 18)

The vocal techniques of these were very unique and they formed the basis for early blues vocals."...

****
[Added July 1, 2017 3:15 PM]
From Google Books edition of The Music of Black Americans: A History By Eileen Southern (page 157)
..."Sometimes the songs were merely cries in the fields- "cornfield hollers", "cottonfield hollers", "whoops" or "water calls". A slave's cry could mean any one of a number of things: a call for water, food, or help, a call to let others know where he or she was working, or simply a cry of loneliness, sorrow, or happiness. One cry might be answered by another from a place far distant. In 1853, a traveler in South Carolina described such a cry:

Suddenly one [a slave] raised such a sound as I had never heard before, a long and loud musical shout, rising, and falling, and breaking into falsetto, his voice ringing through the woods in the clear frosty night air like a bugle call. As he finished, the melody was caught up by another, and then, another, and then, by several in chorus."

****
ULULATION
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ululation
Ululation... is a long, wavering, high-pitched vocal sound resembling a howl with a trilling quality. It is produced by emitting a high pitched loud voice accompanied with a rapid back and forth movement of the tongue and the uvula.

Around the world

Ululation is practiced either alone or as part of certain styles of singing, on various occasions of communal ritual events (like for example weddings) used to express strong emotion.

Ululation is commonly practised in most of Africa, the Middle East and Central-to-South Asia. It occurs a few places in Europe, like Serbia, Cyprus, Malta and parts of Spain. It likewise takes place among the diaspora community originating from these areas....

In Ethiopia and Eritrea, ululation (called ililta) is part of a religious ritual performed by worshippers as a feature of Sunday or other services in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church[11] and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church. And it is also randomly (spontaneously) uttered during secular celebrations such as parties or concerts. Elsewhere in Africa ululation is used as a cheer, mourn or attention seeking sound by women. In Hausa ululation is called guda, , sigalagala and in Zulu lilizela in Tsonga nkulungwani and in Shona kupururudza. Ululation is incorporated into African musical styles such as Shona music, where it is a form of audience participation, along with clapping and call-and-response.

In Tanzania ululation is a celebratory cheer sound when good news has been shared or during weddings, welcoming of a newborn home, graduations and other festivals even in church when sermons are going on. In Swahili it is known as vigelele and in Luo dialect it is known as udhalili. Generally women exuberantly yell lililili in a high-pitched voices. Female children are usually proud of being able to ululate like their mothers and aunts...

Ululation is rooted in the culture of Eastern Africa as well as Southern Africa and is widely practiced in Tanzania, Kenya, Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Ethiopia, Somalia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It is used by women to give praises at weddings and all other celebrations. It is a general sound of good cheer and celebration, when good news has been delivered in a place of gathering, even in church. It is also an integral part of most African weddings where women gather around the bride and groom, dancing and ululating exuberantly. During graduation ceremonies ululation shows pride and joy in scholastic achievement. The women ululating usually stand and make their way to the front to dance and ululate around the graduate."...
-snip-
Italics were added by me to highlight these sentences.

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HISTORICALLY BLACK FRATERNITY AND SORORITY CALLS
Here's my definition of Historically Black fraternity and sorority calls. This definition is also found on this previous pancocojams post: https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/09/black-fraternity-sorority-calls.html Latest revision: July 1, 2017 7:50 PM.

Historically Black [university based] Greek letter fraternity & sorority calls are signature vocalizations that members of a specific organization make to alert a member or members of that organization in the distance to his or her presence, and/or to greet another member or members of that specific organization. Historically Black fraternity & sorority cheers also are voiced to foster organizational unity and to "represent" (promote, "big up") their organization during their own chanting and/or celebratory gatherings and during public events.

A fraternity and sorority might have more than one signature call. These calls are usually informal (i.e. not recognized as an official part of that organization by that organization's governing body.) Non-members of a specific organization are strictly prohibited from verbally or in writing using that organization's call in public or in private.

Fraternity & Sorority "Roll calls"

When used by historically Black [university based] Fraternity & sororities (BGLOs) - and particularly by those BGLOs that are known as "The Divine Nine"*, "roll calls" refer to the consecutive vocalization of their signature call/s by multiple BGLOs during a public event. A host or moderator of that event formally announces each organization, usually in the order of their founding, beginning with the earliest founded fraternity and then, after the fraternities are recognized, beginning with the earliest founded sorority. Representatives of "sister" or "brother" organizations may respond to a call with their own call. Also, as an expression of admiration and/or unity, a member of a Divine Nine organization might combine their own signature call with part of the signature call of another member "Divine Nine" organization (either fraternity or sorority).* That said, I've read that some BGLO members disagree with that practice.

*Here's an example of combining two sorority calls:
t goodwill, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5n4A1mf_fr0
"Even though imma ZETA, i was jamming to SGRho's Roll call..LOL get it ladies!

ZZZZZZ-Yip!!"
-snip-
Refer to the list of calls given below.

****
A STATEMENT ABOUT CALLS & HAND SIGNS BY NATIONAL PAN-HELLENIC COUNCIL
From http://www.afa1976.org/Portals/0/Membership_Intake_Guide_NPHC.pdf NPHC National Membership Intake Guide
Hand Signs & Calls
"Hand signs and calls have evolved into another historical facet of Black fraternal organization life. According to Kimbrough (2003), the concept of calls is embedded in both African and African-American tradition. These sounds were a form of yodeling known as whooping in the Congo and Angola tribes. Additionally, these audible sounds, also known as cries and arhoolies, could he heard being sung by slaves. It is not clear when calls were first used, however, it seems possible that calls used by NPHC organizations became prevalent during the mid-1970�s.

Much like calls, the exact origin of hand signs cannot be pinpointed. According to Kimbrough (2003), pictures from college campuses of Black fraternities and sororities indicate that hand signs became a part of the Black fraternal experience during the 1970�s. Although it is not clear how calls and hand signs evolved, these traditions are long standing.

These universal symbols can be seen as exclusive outward expressions of pride and of strong organizational identification."

****
LIST OF NINE HISTORICALLY BLACK GREEK LETTER ORGANIZATION CALLS THAT ARE REFERRED TO AS "THE DIVINE NINE"
These organizations are given in categories (Fraternities/Sororities) and in chronological order with the earliest founded organizations in that category listed first.

Letters [or numbers] in these calls are often repeated to show enthusiasm and/or to stretch out the call.

Additions and corrections are welcome.
Fraternities:
Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. (1906)
call: "O6"

Response [from a member or members of Alpha Phi Alpha] - "You know"

****
Kappa Alpha Psi, Fraternity Inc. (1911)
Yo Yo?

****
Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc. (1911)
Roo or Roo Roo?

****
Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc. (1914)
Blue Phi

****
Iota Phi Theta, Fraternity, Inc. (1963)
Ow Ow?

****
Sororities
Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. (1908)
Skee Wee

****
Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.
Oo-Oop

****
Zeta Phi Beta Sorority,Inc. (1920)
Z-Phi

****
Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. (1922)
Eee-Yip

****
Examples of these calls are given in the videos that are showcased in Part II of this series http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/09/seven-videos-of-black-greek-fraternity.html

****
VIDEO OF BLACK FRATERNITY AND SORORITY CALLS
Greek Speak Roll Call



UABStudentLife, Published on Sep 19, 2008

Check out the eight organizations of UAB's NPHC.
-snip-
Selected comments:
1. ninjapoodle22, 2009
"I see my soRHOrs! EEEEE-YIP!"
-snip-
soRHOrs = Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc.

**
2. t goodwill, 2011
Even though imma ZETA, i was jamming to SGRho's Roll call..LOL get it ladies!

ZZZZZZ-Yip!!
-snip-
"Zeta" - a member of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority,Inc.

Notice that "ZZZZZZ-Yip"!! is a combination of the Zeta's signature call and Sigma Gamma Rho's signature call.

**
3. BUTLERU, 2011
"EEEEEEEEEEEEEE-YIP SIGMA SORORS!"

**
4. MonaJalisa90, 2013
"I agree 100%! Luckily, Sigma Gamma Rho doesn't have to deal with such drama lol
EEE-YIP!"
-snip-
That video and three other videos of historically Black fraternity and sorority calls are embedded in the pancocojams post whose link is given above as http://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/09/seven-videos-of-black-greek-fraternity.html.

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STOMP AND SHAKE CHEERLEADER YELPS [Latest revision: July 4, 2017]
"Stomp & shake cheerleading" is a referent for a relatively new form of African American originated style of cheerleading which is particularly known among African Americans from middle school through university levels in Virginia and North Carolina. The earliest documentation that I've found for stomp & shake cheerleading is the early to mid 1970s at Virginia State University's cheerleading squad (the "Woo Woos) and in the late 1970s at Winston-Salem State University cheerleading squads (known as "Cheer Phi" and later as "the Red Team" and the "White Team")(as cited in https://pancocojams.blogspot.com/2013/05/overview-of-stomp-shake-cheerleading.html).

Like mainstream cheerleading, the purpose of the cheer squad is to increase the enthusiasm of event attendees. However, the focus of stomp and shake cheer squads' performances and their textual (word) cheers are on the cheer squad itself, and not nearly as much as mainstream cheerleading on the football (or basketball) athletic team.

Stomp & shake cheers are self-bragging cheers and/or insult/taunting cheers that are directed toward the opposite cheerleading squad and not the opposing football or basketball team. self-bragging and/confrontational "battle cheers" are performed in alternating turns by two squads who face off before the beginning of their team's football game.

Although most stomp & shake cheerleaders are female, some (mostly) university squads include a few males. This particularly appears to be the case among university cheerleading squads that perform both stomp & shake cheerleading and mainstream ("traditional") cheerleading.

Some, but not all university based stomp & shake cheerleaders include vocalizations of yelps (also informally referred to as "calls", "cries", and yells as part of their cheers. The vocalization of yelps (cries, yells) while cheering particularly appears to be a characteristic of Winston-Salem State University's (WSSU's) cheerleading style. WSSU's yelp is usually written as "Eeee-yiiip!" or similar spellings. It should be noted that all WSSU cheers don't include this yelp or any other yelp. Rightly or wrongly, fans of WSSU indicate that other cheerleading squads from other Historically Black Colleges and Universities' cheerleading squads that use this yelp "stole it" from WSSU.

Because Winston-Salem State University's cheerleading squad continues to greatly influence American high school and younger stomp & shake cheerleading squads, their "yelp" vocalization is also found among those squads.

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VIDEO OF WSSU CHEERS WITH YELP (Call) AT THE END OF THE CHEER [added July 1, 2017]

WssU Red Team CHEERLEADERS (Homecoming 2012)



Gotcha wssu Published on Oct 21, 2012
-snip-
I can't decipher what the squad is saying.

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EXAMPLE OF A WSSU STOMP & SHAKE CHEER THAT INCLUDES A YELP (CALL) IN THE BEGINNING AND ANOTHER YELP AT THE END

SAY IT IN OUR FACE
Eeeyep!
Fight fight the power,
Hey go head go head.
Hey fight fight he power.
Go head go head.
Hey fight the power.
We are the Rams
And we stay on your case.
If you have something to say
Say it to our face. Haw!
Hey fight the power
Hey fight the power,
Say what
Say what
We are the Rams
And we get on your case.
If you have something to say
Say it in our face.
Say it in our face.
Say it
in
our
face.
HAWHHHHH!
-Winston-Salem State University WSSU Cheer Phi Cheerleaders,
transcription posted by SAC010 in that video's discussion thread by secalong, February 2011 (along with some transcription by Azizi Powell)

*This is the second cheer in that video. I previously (erroneously?) gave the title for that cheer as "Fight The Power".

Here's that video:

WSSU CHEERLEADERS GETTIN' CRUNK



ORIGINALCHEERPHI, Published on Feb 22, 2008

WSSU CHEERLEADERS SHOWING U HOW IT SHOULD BE DONE AT THE ULTIMATE CHEER & DANCE EXPERIENCE TRIAD HIGH SCHOOL CHEERLEADING COMPETITION 2007
-snip-
Here's a link to another WSSU cheer video in which the yelp is given in the beginning of the cheer (2nd cheer at .33) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJLZSACcaQE WSSU Cheerleaders/ 08-09 Published on Feb 12, 2009
The RED SQUAD cheering at the pep rally for our game against A&T

I can't decipher that cheer, but maliklik95 wrote in 2011 that the words were "We are the Best, Don't take no mess, Get mad in a minute, Stomp you in yo chest''?

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EXAMPLE OF A WSSU CHEER WITH "YELPS" THROUGHOUT CHEER [added July 4, 2017]
2014 WSSU Homecoming Cheerleaders,We Got the Power



Artistry Photography, Published on Oct 20, 2014

-snip-
The title for this cheer is probably "We got the power". However, I can't understand the other words to that cheer.

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THREE ADDITIONAL VIDEOS WITH SELECTED COMMENTS

Video #1: WSSU CHEERLEADERS FOR MTV



Flow Child Entertainment Published on Sep 24, 2008

WSSU Cheerleaders tryout for MTV Show
-snip-
Selected comments:
1. Tez Parker, 2011
"Ayyyy dey betta do it!! Eeeoooppp!"

**
3.Asha Broo, 2012
"is that that guy going '' yyyyeepp'' lmaoo"

**
3. AORaines, 2013
"Love the originality, the loudness, and the enthusiasm but cheerleaders don't woo nor eyyyupp....not sorority cheerleaders
-snip-
This comment indicates that stomp & shake cheerleading isn't really cheerleading because of the way that they perform. The commenter is also disparages WSSU's squad by referring to them as "sorority cheerleaders".

"Woo" here probably refers to Virginia State University's cheerleading squad that is known as "the Woo Woos". Unlike WSSU, it doesn't appear that the squad vocalizes "woo woo". Instead, "woo woo" is a vocalization of admiration and support is vocalized by that squad's fans. Click https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=blDqcHBu-Cs for a 2008 video of VSU's Woo Woos peforming their popular and often imitated cheer "Work It". At the end of that video, a male fan yells "Woo! Woo!".

**
4. pdga9205,2013
"Y'all remind me of FSU (Fayetteville state) cheerleaders especially with the eeeyyyooppp thing!"
**
Reply
5. RJRDEMONS, 2013
"WSSU its there original song they made in 2002"

**
6. dstgirl9of9, 2014
"FSU got thier eeyyooppp from WSSU! "
-snip-
"FSU" here refers to Fayetteville State University (North Carolina)

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Video #2: NC A&T Cheerleaders (Aggie Cheer) / Powerhouse National Competition (Stomp and Shake)



Kevin Crawford Published on Mar 17, 2017
-snip-
""NC A&T" = North Carolina Agriculture & Technical University

Selected comments:
1. Midget Catfish, 2017
"Why are they making the sghro call?"

**
2. Ashley Monique Styles, 2017
"They killed it! How come the make the same noise that WSSU cheerleaders make? (Eee-yup) or it just sounds similar?"

**
Reply
3. nevano, 2017
"Ashley Monique Styles If I'm not mistaken, I believe that's the call for Cheerleaders that are apart of the cheer world. I won't say too much cause I don't wanna stomp on any toes."

**
Reply
4. Ashley Monique Styles, 2017
"nevano hmm I wonder if it's certain Colleges. When I cheered, we had our own call."

**
5. Lilly, 2017
"They sound like cheering AKA's"
-snip-
"AKA's" = members of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.
The signature AKA call is a high pitched, usually extended "Skeeeee- weeee!"

**
6. Takiya Eiland, 2017
"I know they are not eee-yip in"
-snip-
This comment probably is a put-down of North Carolina's A&T cheerleaders for doing the yelp (call, cry) that is associated with WSSU's cheerleaders.

**
7. OrbiT BabE, 2017
"The squeak gave me life"

****
Example #3: 2013 WSSU Cheerleaders, Rams Are # 1. 11-23-13 [Added July 3, 2017]



Artistry Photography, Published on Nov 23, 2013

WSSU Cheerleaders don't play, Work it out team!
-snip-
Here are two comments from that video's discussion thread:

Jabre Jones, 2015
Gave me my entire life iiiiiyeop?
-snip-
"gave me my entire life" means that something was so awesome that it gives lots of energy to anyone experiencing it.

**
ken babers, 2016
I'm dying laughing at how that boy said Ayee while they was cheering lmao!!!?

****
ADDITIONAL VIDEO: YELPING THROUGHOUT THE ROUTINE: Added July 6, 2017
FSU Cheer Phi Smoov & SAU Blue Chips



FSU2Smoov Published on Oct 22, 2016
-snip-
This is Fayetteville University Cheer Phi Smoovs and Saint Augustine University's Blue Chips. Both of these universities are located in North Carolina. I'm not sure which cheerleader squad did the yelps, but I believe both of them are known to "yelp".

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